Humanities Horizon Journal, published three times a year, in April, June, and September. e-issn: 3047-8014 Humanities Horizon Journal is an academic platform that invites contributions in the form of original research articles, theoretical frameworks, critical essays, book reviews, and scholarly dialogues in various humanities disciplines. Humanities Horizon Journal encourages submissions related to contemporary issues such as globalization, environmental sustainability, social justice, technological advancement, and cultural diversity. Humanities Horizon Journal is committed to promoting inclusive research that transcends geographical, linguistic, and disciplinary boundaries. Through rigorous peer review, editorial excellence, and strong academic integrity, Humanities Horizon Journal aims to be a spotlight for intellectual investigation and a catalyst for transformative research in the humanities. Scholars and intellectuals from around the world are invited to participate in exploration, discovery, and dialogue that enriches the forefront of humanistic inquiry.
Sources of information available to senior secondary school student on the nutritional practices adopted in Delta State, Nigeria
Promoting healthy eating among youth is hindered by limited access to reliable dietary guidance, which often leads to poor nutritional practices and adverse long-term health outcomes among adolescents. This study adopted an ex-post facto, descriptive survey design in Delta State, Nigeria. Out of a population of 14,819 public senior secondary students across three senatorial zones, a sample of 390 students from 18 schools was selected using Slovin’s formula and multistage sampling. Data was collected via a validated, 4-point Likert scale questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.81) with a 100% retrieval rate. Analysis involved percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, and t-test statistics using SPSS version 22. Based on 390 respondents, senior secondary students agreed that television (M = 3.47), friends/classmates (M = 3.26), radio (M = 2.90), and social media (M = 2.76) are available nutritional information sources, exceeding the 2.50 cut-off. Conversely, they disagreed on home economics textbooks, newspapers, and fiction books (M = 2.23 – 2.40). Standard deviations ranged from 0.63 to 0.99. Hypothesis testing revealed a significant locational difference in information sources between urban (N = 219, M = 21.42, SD = 2.62) and rural (N = 171, M = 12.35, SD = 2.38) students. With t-cal = 35.32 and p = 0.00 (at alpha = 0.05), the null hypothesis was rejected. In conclusion, secondary students rely heavily on electronic and social media for nutritional knowledge, while print media remains ineffective. Significant urban-rural disparities highlight the urgent need for equitable, localized nutritional interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts to increase the learning motivation of Class XI-MBA students with art exhibition materials through Artsteps Media
The main problem is that students are less motivated to learn because the material is theoretical, tends to be monotonous, boring, and uninteresting. Using Artsteps Media, this project aims to improve the learning motivation of class XI-MBA students at SMA Negeri 4 Malang to learn about art and culture. Classroom Action Research (CAR), developed by Kemmis and McTaggart, was used in this study. This study was conducted in two cycles with four stages, namely planning in the first stage, action in the second stage, observation in the third stage, and reflection in the fourth stage. A total of 35 students participated in the activity. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, performance tests, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, students' learning motivation increased in pre-cycle from 29% to 100% in cycle II. By depicting a virtual exhibition space, the use of Artsteps Media can make learning more interesting and encourage students to participate more actively. This study shows the effectiveness of using Artsteps Media in improving students' learning motivation in studying art and culture with art exhibition materials.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febriani Wulandari, Ike Ratnawati, Shinta Adhisti Oktarini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hydrological modelling of flood risk and watershed response to land use change: A case study of the Anambra Watershed, Nigeria
Land use and land cover (LULC) changes significantly influence watershed hydrological processes and flood risk. This study assessed the effects of long-term LULC change on the hydrological response of the Anambra Watershed between 1995 and 2025 using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and HEC-HMS hydrological modelling. Satellite imagery was analyzed to quantify historical land cover changes, while HEC-HMS was employed to simulate rainfall–runoff responses under varying land use conditions. The results revealed a 184.2% increase in built-up areas and substantial declines in forest cover (34.1%) and wetlands (34.0%) over the study period. Hydrological simulations showed that these changes reduced infiltration by 45.4%, increased surface runoff by 36.0%, and increased peak discharge by 38.6% under a 100-year rainfall event. The time-to-peak also decreased from 14.2 to 11.8 hours, indicating a faster watershed response to storm events. Flood susceptibility mapping further revealed that approximately 73% of the watershed falls within medium to very high flood-risk categories, with the highest vulnerability concentrated in the southern floodplain regions. The findings demonstrate that long-term land use change has significantly altered the hydrological behaviour of the watershed and increased flood vulnerability. The study highlights the importance of riparian restoration, wetland conservation, and sustainable urban drainage strategies for effective flood-risk management within the watershed.
Problems encountered by students in learning the theme of racism in Richard Wright’s Black boy
Racism is one of the themes explored in literary arts. Systematic investigations into the teaching of the theme of racism in English novels in senior secondary schools in Anambra State have been scarce. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate the teaching of the theme of racism in English novels in senior secondary schools in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State. The objective of the study wass to identify the problems encountered by students in learning the theme of racism in Black Boy in senior secondary schools and to identify possible remedies to the constraints for effective teaching and learning of the theme of racism in Black Boy in senior secondary schools. The study adopts a descriptive survey design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Richard Wright's Black Boy for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The theoretical framework adopted for this study was McClelland theory of achievement and motivation. The study reveals that the unfamiliar background of the author constitutes a problem for 90% of the respondents, thereby making it difficult for both students and teachers to determine the setting, theme, and other things about the novel. The study concludes that the learners need proper understanding of the theme of racism to adjust properly in their environment. The paper recommends that the government should employ more English teachers, especially at the senior secondary level.
Ethical leadership as a predictor of teachers’ task performance in public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria
This study examined ethical leadership as a predictor of teachers’ task performance in public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. A correlational research design was adopted. population comprised 11,011 teachers in public secondary schools across the 25 Local Government Areas of Delta State. A sample of 551 teachers was selected using proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using two researcher-developed instruments: the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ) and Teachers’ Task Performance Questionnaire (TTPQ). The instruments were validated by experts in Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation, while reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an overall coefficient of 0.750. Data were analysed using simple regression analysis at the 0.05 level of significance with the aid of SPSS version 27. The findings revealed that ethical leadership significantly predicted teachers’ task performance. Specifically, dimensions such as integrity, fairness, accountability, effective communication, participatory decision-making, and professional conduct positively influenced teachers’ effectiveness in carrying out instructional and school-related responsibilities. The study concluded that ethical leadership is essential for improving teachers’ task performance in public secondary schools. It was therefore recommended that principals should uphold ethical standards, encourage participatory leadership practices, and maintain transparent communication to enhance teachers’ effectiveness and overall school productivity.
Application of character card learning media to improve character appreciation in theater art learning in Grade XI-3 SMAN 9 Malang
This research aims to increase students' involvement and understanding in the subject of Arts and Culture, especially in contemporary theater materials, through the use of Character Card learning media. The background of this research arises from the low level of understanding of grade XI 3 students at SMAN 9 Malang on the basics of role-playing, especially in the aspect of deepening character characters, which is caused by the lack of innovation and the limitations of media in the learning process. The method used is Class Action Research (PTK), which is carried out in two cycles with stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection is carried out through observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results showed a significant increase in student participation and understanding after the implementation of the action. The participation rate of students increased from 58% in the first cycle to 83% in the second cycle. Media Character Cards have proven to be effective in creating a more interactive, fun, and meaningful learning atmosphere.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Sholikin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of role-playing learning model to improve students' theater skills
This study aims to analyze the application of role-playing learning methods in improving students' theater skills. The study was conducted in class XI B of SMA Negeri 10 Malang using the Kemmis & Mc. Taggart Classroom Action Research (CAR) model consisting of two cycles. Each cycle involves four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. In cycle I, students are introduced to basic theater techniques and asked to practice acting techniques, as well as practice reading scripts together. In cycle II, students further practice basic theater techniques and do space processing (blocking) using the scripts that have been studied. The results of the study showed that although in cycle I students' scores were still below the KKM, after cycle II, there was a significant increase in students' ability to play roles according to the characters they played. In addition, the Role-Playing method has also proven effective in improving students' interpersonal communication and self-confidence. This study shows that the application of the role-playing method can improve students' theater skills, while also having a positive impact on their social and emotional development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahma Alfisah, Wida Rahayunigtyas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An analysis of activities that develop pragmatic competence skills among English language learners
Pragmatic competence is very important for English language learners. Learners of any foreign language must know how to use language, vocabulary, expressions, and gestures within specific contexts. Learning a language involves more than just vocabulary and grammar; it also includes pragmatic abilities, which are the capacity to understand and convey the implicit meanings of the language Therefore, this study focused on explaining and analyzing some activities that can develop the communicative ability of English language learners, as these activities are an important part of the language learning process. This study examines activities designed to develop pragmatic competency among ASL learners in school settings. It aims to identify effective strategies that enhance learners’ communicative skills. A qualitative analysis of selected classroom activities was conducted. The findings indicate that interactive and context-based activities significantly improve pragmatic use of ASL. The study highlights the importance of incorporating pragmatic-focused tasks in ASL instruction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azhar Wazir Thealib Al-Mayali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Continuity and change in patriarchal cultural practices in Ihiala in the modern era
In most African cultures, patriarchal cultures have remained relevant over the years regardless of the growing global focus on gender equality, which has left people questioning their applicability and effects on women in the modern societies. This research paper will look at continuity and transformation of patriarchal cultural practices of Ihiala during the modern era on how the traditional norms have been maintained, altered or even dropped with regards to modernization. It examines widowhood ceremonies, disinheriting, favoring male offspring, bride price, female circumcision and puts them in their historical and socio-cultural perspective. The paper will take a qualitative and historical approach, and it will use both primary sources, such as oral interviews, as well as secondary academic resources to examine these dynamics. The results indicate that although some patriarchal behaviours still exist in altered forms, there have been great changes with the impact of the western education, Christianity, legal reforms, media activism and globalisation. Evil customs like the observation of widowhood ceremonies and cutting of female genitals have been either dropped or criminalized and women have increasingly been allowed to get education, inheritance and even participate in decision making. Nevertheless, some forms of discrimination are still perpetuated by other entrenched cultural beliefs, financial reliance, and poor enforcement of institutions. The research findings conclude that the patriarchal cultural practices in Ihiala do not remain the same but are currently being negotiable between the tradition and modernity. Gender equality must be achieved through long-term efforts which may combine cultural sensitivity, legal and social reforms.
The role of the church in ensuring peace and harmony in the society: A case study of Anglican church in Ogbunike, Anambra state, Nigeria
Peace is widely regarded as a desirable goal for all societies, even in contexts where conflict appears inevitable. This study examines the role of the Church in promoting peace and harmony in society, using the Anglican Church in Ogbunike as a case study. Peace fosters constructive attitudes and purposeful actions that enable individuals to uphold justice, human rights, and harmonious coexistence. The study adopts descriptive, historical, and missiological research methods to analyze how the Church contributes to peacebuilding in Ogbunike. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized. Primary data were obtained through oral interviews with key informants and resource persons, eyewitness accounts, oral histories, and direct observations. Secondary data were sourced from books, journals, articles, magazines, documentaries, and relevant internet materials. Findings reveal that the Church employs several strategies to ensure peace and harmony in Ogbunike, including its supportive, preservative, protective, and prophetic functions. These strategies emphasize moral instruction, conflict resolution, advocacy for justice, and community engagement. The study further establishes that the Church plays a significant role in fostering good neighbourliness and preventing the escalation of conflicts within the community. The findings of this study are valuable to church leaders and authorities, as they provide a framework for restructuring and initiating effective peacebuilding programmes through seminars, conferences, and workshops for church workers and leaders. The study recommends that church leaders should take the lead in preaching and teaching the importance of peaceful coexistence, dialogue, and reconciliation. It also emphasizes the need to uphold core Christian values such as love, patience, kindness, moderation, and hospitality as essential tools for sustaining peace and harmony in Ogbunike.
Evaluating quality of water bodies in rural communities in the Southeastern Nigeria and Implications to health of the citizen
Access to safe drinking water remains a major public health challenge in rural communities of South-Eastern Nigeria. This study evaluated the quality of water bodies in selected rural areas of Ebonyi, Anambra, and Abia States, assessing contaminant types, concentrations, and potential health implications for residents. A cross-sectional, seasonal field-based approach was adopted, with ninety water samples collected from nine springs during both the dry and rainy seasons. Physicochemical, microbial, and heavy metal parameters including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, iron, lead, total coliform, and Escherichia coli were analyzed using standard APHA methods. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, revealed that microbial contamination (total coliform and E. coli) and physical-chemical factors (turbidity, iron, total dissolved solids) were the dominant contributors to water quality degradation. Significant correlations indicated that lower pH and elevated turbidity and total coliform levels exacerbate contamination, while cluster analysis highlighted spatial heterogeneity and high-risk locations requiring urgent intervention. The findings underscore the serious health risks posed by drinking water in these communities and point to the need for effective monitoring, pollution mitigation, and community-based water treatment strategies to reduce disease burden.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felicity Uju Onwudinjo, Dozie John Okongwu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of selected heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr) in surface water and sediments in Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria
Industrial activities along riverine environments in the Niger Delta have raised serious concerns about heavy metal contamination of surface water and sediments, with potential implications for ecosystem integrity and public health. The Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, is increasingly exposed to industrial effluents, making it necessary to assess its environmental quality. The study employed an environmental analytical research design to assess heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five sampling points, including four industrially impacted sites and one control, were analyzed. Surface water and sediment samples were collected, digested using mixed acids, and analyzed for Fe, Pb, Cu and Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results were statistically analyzed and compared with World Health Organization standards to evaluate contamination levels and potential environmental and health risks. The results revealed spatial variations in heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River. Iron levels in surface water (1.401–10.46 mg/L) and sediments (1.4565–10.581 mg/L) were below the WHO limit (20 mg/L). Lead concentrations in surface water (0.029–14.91 mg/L) exceeded the WHO limit (0.01 mg/L), indicating contamination, while sediment lead levels (0.0359–36.233 mg/L) remained within the permissible limit (400 mg/L). Copper concentrations in surface water (0.002–3.814 mg/L) and sediments (0.3432–18.754 mg/L) were below WHO limits (35 mg/L). Chromium showed elevated levels in surface water (0.397–24.09 mg/L) and sediments (0.01523–15.1506 mg/L), exceeding WHO limits (0.003 mg/L). The study concludes that while some metals pose minimal risk, elevated lead and chromium levels preasent potential environmental and health concerns, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and effective regulation of industrial discharges into the Okulu River.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chukwudozie Colman Ifiora, G. N. Woke, Felicity Uju Onwudinjo, Chimezie Ekeke, T. M. Iringe-Koko, Paul Aforji Osaro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ICT and its contribution to economic growth and development in Nigeria
Nigeria’s economy continues to face structural challenges such as low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and limited diversification beyond oil. In this context, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a potential driver of economic transformation, offering new opportunities for growth, innovation, and competitiveness. The study population comprised 75 people, including 25 UBA Magadisu staff and 50 ATM cardholders. Using stratified random sampling through a hat-drawn method, 20 staff and 34 customers were selected, following Ndagi’s guideline for small populations. Data was sourced from questionnaires (primary) and internet documents (secondary). The questionnaire’s validity was ensured through supervisor review and reliability tested with a pilot study of 10 GTB staff. Data collection was facilitated by the HR manager, with respondents given five days to complete the instrument. Analysis employed mean scores for Likert responses, percentages for demographics, and chi-square to test significance. The results revealed a fairly balanced gender distribution with slightly more females than males, while the majority of respondents were within the 31–50 years age range. Findings showed strong support for the importance of ICT in Nigeria’s economy, with many agreeing that it contributes to growth and development. ICT awareness was also perceived as high, though doubts remained about its usefulness across all economic sectors. Chi-square analysis confirmed ICT’s significant contribution to Nigeria’s economic development. The study concludes that ICT is a transformative driver of progress in Nigeria, but its full potential can only be realized through enhanced awareness, equitable accessibility, and integration across sectors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Godspower Onyekachukwu Ekwueme (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Overall acceptability and shelf life evaluation of cakes produced from wheat, cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut composite flours
Cakes are widely consumed bakery products typically made from wheat flour, yet dependence on imported wheat can create economic and nutritional challenges in many developing countries. This study evaluated the acceptability and shelf life of cakes produced from composite flours based on wheat, cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut (WCPB1–WCPB6) compared with 100% wheat flour (WF) as control. Cakes were prepared and evaluated by 15 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale, and shelf life attributes were monitored over 20 days at 4-day intervals. All samples were highly acceptable during the initial storage period, and sensory scores generally remained within the acceptable range throughout storage, with WF tending to receive the highest ratings. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in taste among formulations at later storage times (p ≤ 0.05), whereas other sensory attributes were largely comparable. Although quality declined and mold growth appeared after prolonged storage, several composite-flour cakes remained above the sensory cut-off for acceptability at day 20. These findings indicate that cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut composite flours can partially substitute wheat in cake production without compromising product quality, while supporting the utilization of indigenous crops and contributing to food and nutrition security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eunice Kanayo Agidi, Diana Oritsegbubemi Arubayi, Juliana Ego Azonuche, Omolara Bosede Ogbonyomi, Obiajulum Vivian Onyenokulu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Manpower planning and organizational performance: A study of Anambra State Ministry of Environment, 2018 - 2022
This study investigated the impact of manpower planning on organizational performance in Anambra State Ministry of Environment, Awka. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effect of training on organizational effectiveness in the Anambra State Ministry of Environment. In line with the objectives of the study, one research questions and hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 320 senior staff of Anambra State Ministry of Environment, Awka. Primary and secondary sources of data was used. Questionnaire was employed as the instrument of data collection. Frequency tables and percentage were employed in analyzing the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical technique. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The study confirmed that training improves organizational effectiveness in Anambra State Ministry of Environment, Awka. The study concludes that the importance of strategic manpower planning in achieving organizational goals cannot be overemphasized. By investing in employee development, the authority can improve performance, enhance service delivery, and achieve its objectives more efficiently. The study recommended amongst others that Anambra State Ministry of Environment should invest in regular training programs to enhance employee skills and organizational effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Benjamine Anaekwe, Nonso Sunday Okoye, Emmanuel Okoye, Chinelo Patience Ohanyere (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Onitsha Urban Area of Anambra state, Nigeria
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are essential components of public health, particularly in urban areas facing rapid population growth and infrastructural challenges. Inadequate WASH services contribute significantly to the burden of disease, environmental degradation, and overall poor quality of life. The study adopted a mixed-method research design to assess integrated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Onitsha Urban Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Onitsha, a major commercial hub, experiences rapid urbanization and infrastructural strain. The study area’s geography, population growth, climate, geology, and economic activities were considered in evaluating WASH services. A sample of 400 residents from Federal Housing Estate was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and field inspections, with instrument reliability confirmed through a pilot study. Analysis involved two-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis to identify key factors contributing to poor WASH conditions. Based on the findings, the demographic analysis of (400) respondents showed age distribution as follows: (17%) were 18–28, (28%) aged 29–39, (36%) aged 40–50, and (19%) above 50. Educationally, (8%) had no formal education, (20%) completed primary, (48%) had secondary, and (24%) attained tertiary education. Ethnic composition was largely Igbo at (90.15%), followed by Hausa (3%), Yoruba (1.85%), and others (5%). Household sizes showed (38%) had 1–3 children, (42%) had 4–6, (16%) had 7–9, and (4%) had more than 9. WASH practices revealed strong agreement on clean water prioritization, handwashing, and sanitation, while disagreements emerged on issues like pipe expansion and sustainable water systems. The study highlights the need for integrated policy action, community sensitization, and investment in WASH infrastructure to improve public health outcomes in Onitsha.
Copyright (c) 2025 Theresa Nwakaego Nwoye, Emeka Emmanuel Ezenwaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The need to equipped academy libraries in some tertiary institution/college of education
Academic libraries are essential components of tertiary institutions and Colleges of Education, serving as the backbone of teaching, learning, and research. This study examines the urgent need to equip academic libraries in some Nigerian tertiary institutions, focusing on their role in enhancing student learning outcomes, supporting academic staff, and promoting digital literacy. This study used a systematic review design to examine literature published between 2020 and 2025. Relevant peer-reviewed articles, reports, and grey literature were sourced from databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, ERIC, ResearchGate, and AJOL, using specific keywords. After screening for relevance and quality, eligible studies were reviewed by two independent evaluators. Results reveal persistent challenges, including inadequate funding, outdated resources, insufficient digital infrastructure, and a shortage of trained personnel. These deficiencies significantly hinder the effectiveness of academic libraries and compromise educational quality. The study further explores the implications of these challenges and highlights the necessity for government and institutional support, public-private partnerships, digital library initiatives, and continuous capacity building for library staff. It concludes that equipping academic libraries is not only a strategic investment in higher education but also a critical step toward achieving sustainable development and global competitiveness. The study recommends robust policy interventions and multi-stakeholder collaboration to reposition academic libraries as modern, resource-rich learning environments capable of meeting 21st-century academic demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maureen Ifeyinwa Muokwelu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Character education in the digital era: An analytical review of hate speech on social media platforms
The development of digital technology has changed the pattern of social interaction, especially among Generation Z who grew up alongside social media. With the existence of social media providing convenience in communication and self-expression, therefore new challenges arise in character building, one of which is the rise of hate speech. This study aims to identify the forms of hate speech committed by Generation Z on social media and examine the challenges of character education in dealing with it. The method used is netnography with a text analysis approach to social media posts and comments that contain hateful content. The results showed that common forms of hate speech include insults, defamation, defamation, unpleasant actions, provocation, incitement, and spreading fake news. This phenomenon shows that low digital literacy and lack of understanding of ethics in social media are serious problems. Other challenges faced in character education include exposure to inappropriate digital content, excessive dependence on technology, and the lack of supervisory role from parents and educators. Therefore, a solution that requires synergy from various parties such as teachers, families, government, and digital platforms to strengthen character education through increasing digital literacy, habituation of postal communication, and social media ethics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edy Suryanto, Mukhibun, Anggita Rahmawati, Fransiska Heavany Devina Kusuma Putri, Klara Alma Grace Junear, Ronaa Dzakiyyah Rohmah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The impact of population growth on food production in Nigeria: An empirical analysis
This study investigated the impact of population growth on food production in Nigeria. The study used secondary data spanning from 1980 to 2020 on food production, urban population, rural population, carbon dioxide emissions, government spending on agriculture, arable land, and agricultural. These data were analyzed using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results revealed that urban population had a significant negative effect on food production in Nigeria for the period under study, among others. Based on the findings, it was recommended specifically that since population increases impacts negatively on food production, there is need to check population increases through measures like family planning, delayed marriages etc.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Blooket application as an interactive assessment innovation in science learning
This research aims to explore the use of the Blooket application as an interactive assessment innovation in Natural Sciences (IPA) learning at SMP Negeri 1 Weru. By adopting constructivism, gamification, and collaborative learning approaches, the study shows that the use of Blooket significantly improves students’ learning motivation, concept understanding, and social interaction. Gamification elements such as points, leaderboards, and interactive challenges create a competitive yet fun learning atmosphere. In addition, the real-time data analysis feature makes it easier for teachers to evaluate student learning achievements appropriately. The results of this study show that Blooket is a practical and effective solution to support interactive, adaptive, and technology-based science learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuni Dwi Astuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Learning Mapag Layung traditional dance in improving the kinesthetic intelligence of 5–6-year-old children at RA Raudhatul Falah Tangerang
Traditional dances are believed to be a cultural heritage for the next generation because they are typical dances of a region that have been practiced since ancient times and are still preserved today. The ability to move or control the body by coordinating the hemispheres of the brain that regulate all body movements is known as kinesthetic intelligence. The body's high awareness of movement is a characteristic of children with extraordinary motor intelligence. This research was conducted at RA Raudhatul Falah which is located at Jalan Tohir No. 29 Kp. Gebang Rt 006 Rw 002 Gebang Raya Village, Periuk District, Tangerang City. The researchers found that many students still had difficulty in practicing stepping and walking straight (stepping forward, backward, right side, left side). This is based on the findings of the initial observations they made in the classroom. The researcher uses classroom action research (PTK) as the research methodology. PTK involves learning with a group of people, identifying problems, taking action to solve problems, and evaluating the success of those efforts. If the results are not satisfactory, repeat the process, if the results meet the expected criteria, the PTK is considered successful. The children's activity observation sheet is a data collection tool used in this study, which uses an observation method. The research analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. This study used 2 cycles, from the two cycles there was a significant increase. Giving variants at each meeting supports an increase in each cycle. The criteria for developing very well increased by 28.57 percent in the first cycle. This achieved the success target of 64.29 percent with very good development criteria in the next cycle, namely the second cycle. Therefore, the cycle is stopped because it is in accordance with the desired results.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurhayati Nurhayati, Nissa Mawarda Rokhman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Research on classroom actions to increase learning hours to improve learning outcomes in software as a service subject
The addition of study hours is based on the issue that students do not have the tools for independent study, such as laptops. This lack of resources prevents them from practicing programming independently at home, which can lead to a decreased interest in the learning process in the Software as a Service (SaaS) subject. This issue also impacts the achievement of learning objectives. The problems were identified through non-diagnostic and diagnostic assessments related to prior knowledge, conducted via questionnaires. The goal of adding study hours outside of school time is to provide a more effective learning process, directly impacting the faster achievement of learning objectives as per the targets set. The benefits of the additional study hours include students gaining access to computer lab facilities, allowing them to work on projects independently. The extended study hours also provide students with opportunities to ask questions about programming errors or difficulties they encounter in the learning process, particularly in the SaaS subject. The methods used include questionnaires and classroom observations in class XI SIJA I at SMK6 Malang. The selected population consisted of 36 students. The results indicated that the addition of study hours impacted the faster completion of learning objectives. Before the implementation, two learning objectives were completed in three weeks, but with the addition of study hours, 13 learning objectives were completed within 3 weeks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prawidana Kurniawan, Hakkun Elmunsyah, Aktia Arigiana Umami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving the well-being of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Internally Displaced People (IDP) camps in South East and North Central Nigeria
The well-being of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Internally Displaced People (IDP) camps in South East and North Central Nigeria is an area of increasing concern. The study utilized descriptive survey design, and the target population consisted of 80 parents and caregivers from camps in Anambra, Enugu, Imo, Benue, Kogi, and Nasarawa. A simple random sampling method was used for participant selection. Data were collected through a structured, validated questionnaire, with reliability confirmed via a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.76. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including ANOVA, were used for data analysis. The findings highlight significant healthcare issues, such as a lack of specialists, inaccessible diagnostic services, and scarce medication. In education, challenges include the absence of tailored curricula, inadequate facilities, and exclusion from learning activities. Additionally, the study identifies key strategies to address these issues, including the provision of specialized caregiver training, the establishment of therapy centers, financial support, community awareness campaigns, and peer support groups. The study concludes that addressing these challenges requires comprehensive and coordinated efforts involving government, NGOs, and local communities to improve the overall well-being of these vulnerable families. The results provide valuable insights for policy development and program implementation in humanitarian settings, ensuring better support and inclusion for children with ASD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dorothy Nkem Ezenwanne (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cognition of cancer among married women in Aguata L.G.A of Anambra State: The need to include therapeutic physical exercises in the management
Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. An evil or destructive practice or phenomenon that is hard to contain or eradicate. Some people describe it as “deadly” while others call it a “monster” it is a disease that cancer experts are still struggling to find a cure for. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence which location has on married women in Aguata L.G.A based on their level of cognition of cancer disease. In line with the objectives of the study two (2) research questions and one null hypotheses were postulated. Related literature were reviewed and summarized. Descriptive survey design was used with a population of 6000 married women. The sample for the study consisted 420 that was drawn by multi stage sampling combined with cluster, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was self-developed questions. It was validated by two experts in Health and Physical Education and reliability correlation coefficient of 0.87 was calculated using Pearson Product Moment (PPM). The descriptive statistics of simple percentage and mean (x) scores were used to answer the research questions and the inferential statistics of chi-square (X2) was used to analyse one null hypothesis. Consequent upon the results got, the researchers rejected the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference (p less than 0.05) between rural and urban marriage women in Aguata L.G.A. based on their level of cognition of cancer disease. Based on the findings recommendations were made pertinent among which is very urgent need of mass media campaign on what should be done by our married women to avoid this disease called cancer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Veronica Ngozi Orajekwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Spatial distribution of the socioeconomic conditions of dairy cattle farmers in Mliwis Village, Cepogo, Boyolali
Desa Mliwis, Cepogo District, is one of the centers for dairy cattle production in Boyolali Regency. This research aims to analyze the spatial distribution of the socio-economic conditions of dairy cattle farmers in Mliwis Village, Cepogo, Boyolali. It is a quantitative study with a survey design. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and nearest neighbor analysis. The results of the study indicate that dairy farms in Mliwis Village are spread across 6 hamlets, namely Ngledok, Karanganyar, Bulukerto, Tlogomuncar, Tegalsari, and Geneng. The Nearest Neighbor value is 0.609900, indicating a clustered pattern. Farmers with income less than Rp. 2,000,000 have a value of 0.792268, indicating a clustered pattern, while those with income more than Rp. 2,000,000 have a value of 17.118163, indicating a dispersed pattern. Farmers with an education level below elementary school (SD) have a value of 6.610683, indicating a dispersed pattern, while those with an elementary school education level have a value of 0.9100336, indicating a clustered pattern. The distribution pattern of the education levels of dairy cattle farmers in Mliwis Village, based on the Nearest Neighbor results, shows that farmers with an education level below elementary school (SD), junior high school (SMP), and high school (SMA) have a dispersed pattern, while farmers with an elementary school education level have a clustered pattern. Farmers with 1-5 cows have a value of 0.543374, indicating a clustered pattern, while farmers with 6-10 cows have a value of 2.396315, indicating a dispersed pattern. Farmers who sell milk to agents have a value of 1.021488, indicating a dispersed pattern, while those who sell milk to cooperatives have a value of 0.581348, indicating a clustered pattern.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muslihah Juwita Hapsari, Itqanul Mufti Al Hasan, Aqila Ummu Zarka, Naufal Nizar Faiz, Ayu Kurnia Ningrum, Muhammad Labib Fikron, Wahyu Widiyatmoko (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of mobile learning-based learning media on the distribution and management of natural resources
Natural resource material in geography subjects is real, conceptual, and related to the environment around students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop media that supports these needs. This is in accordance with the results of the analysis of student needs which is known as many as 15 students need learning media in the form of mobile applications. The development of mobile applications in this study is based on the analysis of the weaknesses of the previous media which only presents material conceptually. Through the analysis of these needs, it is necessary to develop mobile learning-based learning media on the distribution and management of natural resources. This development research aims to produce learning media based on mobile learning on the distribution and management of natural resources. This development research applies to the ADDIE model with four stages, including analysis, design, development, and evaluation. The product development results are in the form of an html file and an android apk named NARESa. The advantages of this learning media product are that it has an attractive appearance, is easy to use in the learning process, and presents contextual material. Suggestion from media expert validator is to add developer identity. Suggestions from material expert validators are that it is necessary to add sustainable principles and to add concept maps. The media feasibility test was carried out in class XI students of SMAN 7 Malang. Based on the results of the feasibility test, the media got a score of 84% with qualifications suitable for use. Suggestions for further research are the development of learning media that does not depend on an internet connection, so it is not slow in opening the existing features.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kevin Ian Irmansyah, Djoko Soelistijo, Fatiya Rosyida, Yuswanti Ariani Wirahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Understanding bullying in Nigerian schools: Insights on prevalence, impacts, and solutions
Bullying represents a significant issue in Nigerian schools, with a detrimental impact on students' psychological, social, and academic well-being. This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively understand bullying in the Nigerian context, examining its prevalence, contributing factors, impacts, and intervention strategies. The review included studies published in the last ten years and sourced from Google Scholar. The findings indicate that bullying in Nigeria manifests in diverse forms, including physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying. These forms exhibit variations based on age, gender, and regional factors. The contributing factors are numerous and complex, encompassing individual characteristics, family dynamics, school environments, and socio-cultural influences. The consequences of bullying for victims are significant, resulting in anxiety, depression, social isolation, and a decline in academic performance. Despite implementing various intervention strategies, including school-based programs, community involvement, and technology-driven solutions, their efficacy remains inconsistent due to challenges in enforcement and resource limitations. This review emphasizes the necessity for more robust, context-specific interventions and calls for further research to address the identified gaps, aiming to enhance the well-being and safety of students in Nigerian schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinedu I Okoro, Nazrin Guliyeva, Kelechi Chidiebere Eze, Clarisse Mbang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening religious values and student discipline through Ma'had Darunnajah programs
Ma'had Darunnajah is an Islamic educational institution that strives to instill religious values and discipline in both the learning environment and students' daily lives. This study aims to explore the strategies used by Ma'had Darunnajah to implement religious culture and discipline through its various activities. These activities include religious programs and efforts to cultivate disciplined character among students. Using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, the research collected data through in-depth interviews with four Ma'had mentors and student representatives, both male and female. The findings reveal that Ma'had activities play a significant role in shaping students’ character, particularly in terms of religious commitment and discipline. Furthermore, students who were more actively involved in Ma'had responsibilities tended to achieve higher academic performance compared to their less active peers. These insights are expected to serve as a reference model for other educational institutions seeking to enhance character development and academic achievement through similar Ma'had-based programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aulia Salsabillah, Febi Andini, Febriyanti Aulia, Rizky Naura, Viona Maya, Bayuaji Arya Pamungkas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
E-administration and employee service delivery in selected government ministries in Anambra state: 2015-2023
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed public administration worldwide, making e-administration a critical tool for enhancing government service delivery. The study used a survey research design with structured questionnaires to collect data from 294 respondents across four ministries in Anambra State, Nigeria, representing a population of 1,105 employees. Proportionate sampling ensured fair representation from Education (112), Finance (114), Works (38), and Women Affairs (30) ministries. Data was analyzed using SPSS, employing frequency tables, percentages, and independent samples t-tests. The questionnaire was validated by academic experts and pre-tested for reliability, achieving strong internal consistency. The result showed that females constituted 65.6% and males 34.4%. Most respondents (56.5%) had under 15 years of experience. Regarding e-administration's impact on service delivery, 53.1% strongly disagreed that it improved workflows, and 43.9% disagreed that collaboration increased service delivery. However, 43.9% strongly agreed that automation improved service delivery, and 56.5% strongly agreed training was key. Most (90.5%) disagreed with improved digital communication boosted efficiency. Statistical tests showed no significant difference in service delivery scores between employees with less than 15 years (mean=30.48) and over 15 years (mean=29.95) experience (p > 0.05), rejecting the hypothesis that experience affects e-administration impact. The results underscore the need for improved ICT infrastructure, targeted training programs, and stronger organizational support to optimize the benefits of digital governance. The study concludes that although e-administration holds substantial potential for improving service delivery in public institutions, its success depends on strategic implementation, continuous staff development, and sustained institutional commitment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Ngozi Okeke, Victor Benjamine Anaekwe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Low-cost plantain fiber composite as an alternative material for auto body fenders: A performance and manufacturing cost comparison
High density polyethylene composite reinforced with natural plantain fiber was produced using injection moulding technique. The production process utilized the popular L18 Taguchi experimental design to investigate the effects of the major process variables such as barrel temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure, back pressure, clamping force and shaft speed in the final mechanical property of the composite material. The mechanical tests conducted on the new material reveal that fiber volume fraction of 0.1 combined with particle size of 75 μm and compactibilizer mass of 0.00024 kg gives a high-quality composite material suitable for auto body fender application, at reduced manufacturing cost of ₦1454/kg of the composite. The composite material produced at optimized process condition was found to have tensile strength of 87.44 MPa, yield strength of 76.6 MPa, flexural strength of 77.03 J, Rockwell hardness strength of 756.99, Impact strength of 16.21 J and density of 993 kg/m3. The result shows that the auto body fender produced based on the compactibilized plantain fiber reinforced high-density polyethylene composite has an advantage of low density and reduced production cost compared to conventional/alternative materials.
Copyright (c) 2025 Obiafudo Obiora Jeremiah, Ofochebe Sunday Madubueze, Anyaora Sunday Chimezie, Godspower Onyekachukwu Ekwueme (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0